DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING INSULATED COPPER WIRES

                    Department of Physics

University of Central Punjab

                          Bahawalpur Campus

Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer Using Insulated Copper wires

Submitted By

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

FACULTY OF SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB

(2022)

Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer using Insulated Copper Wires

Project submitted in partial fulfillment

Of the requirements for the degree of

BS Physics

(Session 2018-2022)

Submitted by

Supervised by

Prof. Dr. Abdul Kareem Khan

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

FACULTY OF SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB

(2022)

University of Central Punjab

FACULTY OF SCIENCES

__________________________________________________

Certificate from Supervisor

The undersigned hereby certify that I have read the project titled Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer using insulated copper wire by Fatima-Tul-Zuhra (B1F18BSPH0033), Bilal Nisar (B1F18BSPH0029) and Talha Rehman (B1F17BSPH0034). I recommend for the submission of the project to the Facultyof Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BachelorStudies.

Supervisor: ____________________

Dr. Abdul Kareem Khan

Associate Professor

Head of Department

Department of Physics

Faculty of Sciences

University of Central Punjab

University of Central Punjab

FACULTY OF SCIENCES

__________________________________________________

Project Evaluation Committee

The viva voice examination of Fatima-Tul-Zuhra (B1F18BSPH0033), Bilal Nisar (B1F18BSPH0029) and Talha Rehman (B1F17        BSPH0034) session 2018-2022 was held on 24-06-2022 at Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab. The committee recommends for the award of the degree of BS Physics.

Project Evaluation Committee:

Dr. Abdul Kareem KhanDr. Tariq Bhatti

Signature———————                               Signature———————

Dedicated to

My humble effort I dedicate to my sweet and loving

My Father and Mother,

Whose affection, love, encouragement and prays of day and night make me able to get such success and honour,

Along with all hard working and respected

Teachers

Contents

Contents……………………………………………………………………….…. i

Acknowledgments……………………………………..….………… ……………. ii

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….……………. iii

List of Figures………………………………………………..….………. ….…… iv

Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………….. v

List of Tables……………………………………………….….……………………vi

Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………. .………1

1. Introduction ……. ……………………………………………………..………1

1.1  Basic concept of wireless power transfer……………..……………….…..…2

1.1.2 The Advantages of wireless power ……….………………..………….………3

1.1.3 Wireless Power Transmission Circuit…………………………..….…………4

1.2  History of Wireless Power Transfer …………….………….…………..………5

1.3 Types of wireless power transfer……………………………….……..…………5

1.4 Main concepts of wireless transmission of electric energy………………………6

1.5 Physics behind inductive coupling WPT ………………………………………7

1.6Transmitter circuit and the receiver circuit principle ………….…………………..…8

Chapter 2………………………………………………………………….……..10

Materials and Methods…………………………………………………….……10

2.1.1 Materials ……………………………………………………………………10

2.1.2 Resistor 27 k ohm…………………………………………………………..11

2.1.3 Insulated copper wire…………………………………………………….…11

2.1.4 LED…………………………………………………………………………12

2.1.5 Transistor……………………………………………………………………12

2.1.6 Power supply (9 volt battery)… ……………………………………..…….13

2.2 Methods…………………………………………………….………………. 14

Chapter 3………………………………………………………….……………..21

3. Project work…………………………………………..………………………22

Chapter 4………………………………………………………………………..19

4. Result and discussion…………………………………………………………19

4.1 Results………………………………………………………………………. 19

4.2 Discussions……………………………………………………………………20

4.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………21

4.4 Future scope …………………………………………………………………22

References……………………………………………………………………….24

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the ALLAH, the most Merciful and Compassionate, the most Gracious and Beneficent, whose bounteous blessing and exaltation flourish my thoughts and blossom my ambitions throughout my research work to complete the thesis successfully. I also pay all my respects for the last Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace and Blessing Be upon him, his progeny and companions) who is a beacon well-wisher of the mankind.

This Project appears in its current from due to the guidance of several people. I would therefore like to offer my sincere thanks to all of them. I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Prof.Dr. Kareem Khan, Department of Physics, and University of Central Punjab for his supervision and constant support. It was a great privilege and honour to work and study under his guidance.

Fatima-Tul-Zuhra   Bilal Nisar Talha Rehman

B1F18BSPH0033 B1F18BSPH0029             B1F17BSPH0034

Signature___________        Signature___________    Signature________     

Abstract

All aspects considered, the project had a rapid start and the wireless power concept was well proven. The project’s goal was to design and develop a wireless energy transmission system using insulated coils. This project analyses and designs a kind of system for charging a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since setting the battery cannot be demonstrated, we are providing a LED that runs through wireless power. Wireless power transmission is the way to transfer power without using wire. Wireless power transmission helps to connect those areas where people cannot get a suitable power source. Everyone can get clean and green wireless power. In the future, all the devices will wirelessly relate to the power supply source. In this project, we have presented the successful experimental attempts to transmit power wirelessly and the future scope of wireless power transmission. We have tried to represent the future use of wireless power transmission in various areas where wired power transmission is impossible to implement. The main result of this project is the Intensity of LED belongs to the Distance between primary and secondary coils; if the distance is 0.4cm, it will give us the 1.489cd intensity, but if we increase the distance between them, then it produce less Intensity.

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 circuit diagram………………………………………………….………….5

Figure 1.2 Primary and Secondary coils…………………………..……….…………7

Figure 1.3Wireless Power revenue share by regions in 2020…………….…………..8

Figure 2.1.Resistor……………………………………………………………………10

Figure 2.2 insulated copper wire……………………………………………..………11

Figure 2.3 LED………………………………………………………………..………11

Figure 2.4 Transistors (2N2222A) ………………………………………….…..……12

Figure 2.5 Nine voltage power supply…………………………………….…….……12

Figure 3.1 insulated copper ……………………………………………….……….…13

Figure 3.2 primary coil…………………………………………………………….…14

Figure 3.3 secondary coil…………………………………………………………..…14

Figure 3.4 coil secondary coil with LED ………………………………….………….15

Figure 3.7 Connections of components……………………………………….………16

Figure 3.8 Testing of circuit…………………………………………………..………16

Figure3.9 Glowing LED……………………………………………………………….18

Figure 3.10 project WPT……………………….………………………………..……18

Figure 4.1 wirelessly powered home appliances………………………………………22

Figure 4.2 wirelessly charging of electric vehicle on way…………………………….23

List of Tables

Table: 1.1 Coils turns and radius……….…………………………………..07

Table: 4.1 Calculating Results……………………………………………..19

Abbreviations

WPS               Wireless Power Transfer

LED                Light Emitting Diode

EMF               Electromagnetic Flux

DCDirect Current

ACAlternating Current

Chapter 01

1. Introduction

The project is a device to transfer power wirelessly instead of using conventional copper cables and current-carrying wires. This wireless electricity transmission is based on the Inductive coupling technique. The wireless power transfer consists of two parts- The transmitter and the Receiver. In the transmittersection, the Transistor generates a high-frequency AC current across the coil, and the coil generates a magnetic field around it. As the wave is center-tapped, the two sides of the loop start to charge up. One side of the loop is connected to the resistor, and another is connected to the collector terminal of the transistor. During the charging condition, the base resistor starts to conduct, eventually turning on the Transistor. The Transistor then discharges the inductor as the emitter is connected with the ground. This charging and discharging of the inductor produce a very high-frequency oscillation signal further transmitted as a magnetic field. On the receiver side, that magnetic field is transferred into the other coil, and by Faraday’s law of induction, the receiver coil starts producing EMF voltage which is further used to light up the LED.(Matias et al, 2015).

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) allows it to supply power through an air gap without needing current-carrying wires. WPT can provide power from an AC source to compatible batteries or devices without physical connectors or wires. WPT can recharge mobile phones, tablets, drones, cars, and even transportation equipment.Transferring power without wires has been around since the 1890s.it introduce by Nikola Tesla.Nikola Tesla was able to light electric bulbs wirelessly at his Colorado Springs Lab using electrodynamics induction. Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an important topic nowadays. Although WPT has been known for more than a century, only now has the WPT industry started its rapid growth. The number of publications on wireless power has increased by at least 12.00% in the last 10 years. (Christiano et al, 2017).

Wireless power transfer was introduced by Nikolas Tesla. This power is made to be transferred within a small range, for example, charging rechargeable batteries, etc. For demonstration purposes, we have used a battery that operates by using wireless power. This requires an electronic circuit for converting AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, high frequency and then fed to a primary coil of an air-core transformer. The secondary coil of the transformer develops a 12V high frequency. Therefore this way, the power gets transferred through a primary coil to the secondary coil that is separated by a certain distance of around 3cm. Here, the primary coil acts as a transmitter, pacemaker, and similar applications. (John Wiley et al. 2016).

In modern times, no one wants to use the wire or cord in case of charging any device, and WPT is necessary. According to the IMF, Bangladesh’s economy was the second-fastest-growing major economy in 2016. With the advanced growth of the economy, the standards of living are getting higher day by day. In that case, smart device use is getting prevalent nowadays. Intelligent devices have various features, but the transmission of power wirelessly is one of the most spectacular features in recent times. People are fond of using devices that do not require a connection through wires or cords. It has been mentioned earlier that, to get rid of the annoying cables, WPT is the perfect solution. This paper describes the design and performance of wireless power transfer using the tesla coil technique. Advantages of wireless power transfer. (John Wiley et al, 2016).

1.1 Basic concept of wireless power transfer:

Wireless power transfer is where electric energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without any wire connection. ​Wireless power transfer is based on magnetic resonance, and the near field coupling of two-loop resonators was reported by Nicola tesla a century ago. Power is wirelessly transferred when the magnetic field is transmitted over a short distance. The magnetic field is created using inductive coupling between wire coils or electric fields using capacitive coupling between electrodes.(Christiano et al,2016).

• Ampere’s law 

​According to Ampere’s law, when current is passed through a closed loop of conductor or coil, a magnetic field is created around it. The magnetic field created by the current is proportional to the size of that current, with a constant of proportionality equal to the permeability of free space. (Jenshan  et al, 2019).

• Lenz’s law 

It states that the induced emf generates a current that sets up a new magnetic field which acts to oppose the existing magnetic field.  In wireless power transfer systems, these principles are adopted. Generally, a WPT system consists of a transmitter connected to a power source and a receiver that receives the power and delivers it to the load. There is a primary coil on the transmitter side, and on the receiver side, there is a secondary coil. When the power is connected to the primary coil, a current passes through it, and a magnetic field is formed around it. When the secondary coil is brought close to the primary coil, a voltage induces in the secondary coil, which generates a current that causes another magnetic the secondary coil. The current produced in the secondary coil is used by any load without any physical connection. (Sun et al, 2016).

• Ohm’s law 

Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, and the mathematical equation that describes this relationship:

V=IR

Where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the voltage measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohm’s law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of the current.(Bush et al, 2016).

1.1.2 The Advantages of wireless power

• First of all, WPT is a safe, secure, waterproof and durable form of power transmission.
• WPT relieves us from using annoying wire connections.
• It allows the power transfer system to become portable.
• Wireless technology allows a network to reach locations that cannot be achieved

By using a network cable.

• The cost of transmission and distribution becomes less, and the cost of electrical energy for the consumer also can be reduced.
• The power failure due to short circuits and faults on cables will never exist in the power transmission system, and power theft will not be possible.
• Loss of transmission is negligible in the Wireless Power Transmission. Therefore,

this method’s efficiency is much higher than the wired transmission.

• One significant benefit is that wireless power allows a highly expandable power range.
• WPT increases the product life of a device.( Elektronik et al,2016).
• Major Benefit of (WPT)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a widely discussed topic in the electronics industry. This technology is multiplying in the consumer electronics market for smartphones and chargers. There are countless benefits of WPT. Some of them are explained below:

Firstly, WPT can eliminate the traditional charging system by replacing the wired charging solutions in the modern power requirement area. Any portable consumer goods require their own charging system; wireless power transfer can solve this problem by providing a universal cordless power solution for all those mobile devices. Many devices are already available in the market with built-in wireless power solutions like a smartwatch, smartphones etc. Another benefit of WPT is that it allows the designer to make an utterly waterproof product. As the wireless charging solution does not need a power port, the device can be made in a water-resistant way.  It also offers a wide range of charging solutions efficiently. The power delivery ranges up to 200W, with a shallow loss of power transfer. A significant benefit of wireless power transmission is that the product life can be increased by preventing the physical damage due to charger insertion across the connectors or the ports. Multiple devices can be charged from a single dock. Electronics vehicles can also be set using wireless power transfer during the car is parked. A significant benefit of wireless power transmission is that the product life can be increased by preventing the physical damage due to charger insertion across the connectors or the ports. Multiple devices can be charged from a single dock. Electronics vehicles can also be set using wireless power transfer during the car is parked.( Elektronik et al,2016).

1.1.3 Wireless Power Transmission Circuit

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a process of transferring power through the air without wires or physical contact. In this wireless system, the Transmitter Section generates a time-varying or high-frequency electromagnetic field, which transmits power to the Receiver Section without any physical connection. The Receiver extracts the energy from the magnetic field and supplies it to the load. In this case, it is Light Emitting Diode (LED). Therefore, two coils are used as Transmitter Coil and Receiver Coil to convert the electricity to an electromagnetic field. The transmitter coil is powered by an alternating current and creates a magnetic field, which is further converted into a usable voltage across the receiver coil.(Aziz et al.2016).

Figure 1.1(circuit diagram)

1.2History of Wireless Power Transfer 

WPT systems’ development started in the late 19th century with the ideas of Nikola Tesla, who is rightfully considered an acknowledged genius in this field. Tesla’s main idea was to use our planet as a conductor to transmit power to any point on Earth. (Nikola Tesla et al. 1980)The lack of technology, microwave power, in particular, resulted in a continuous pause in the development of wireless control until World War II when the first radars were made. Consequently, it boosted the point-to-point microwave transmission research. The next step toward WPT was developing the RFID system in 1973, where tags were powered using induction coupling. It took their electricity transfer in 2013 with a 60W bulb being powered at two meters distance. Apparently, this was the starting point for a rapidly growing and competitive industry of wireless power transfer. (Brown et al., 2017).

1.3 Types of wireless power transfer

There are mainly two categories of wireless power transfer, radiative and non-radiative.

Radiative are for far-field, and non-radiative are for near-field.

• Far-field Region

​In the far-field or radiative region, microwave or laser beams transmit power wirelessly. These techniques can transfer high power over distances. But a direct line of the transmission path is required as high-level radiation transmits from transmitter to receiver. The frequency of a microwave radiation system is very high, so the antennas should be large enough to satisfy the power density limits. This technique is primarily used in space and military applications such as solar power satellites. (Garnica et al 2019).

• Near field Region

In a near field or non-radiative region, several techniques transfer power wirelessly.

They are inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, resonant

capacitive coupling and magneto dynamic coupling. In inductive coupling, energy is transferred between wire coils by a magnetic field. From two rings, one is on the transmitter side, and another is on the receiver side. This is the oldest and most widely used wireless power technology. It is used to charge phones, electric vehicles, and a toothbrush battery and turn on a bulb. This technique is highly efficient when two coils are very close together. In resonant inductive coupling, magnetic fields transfer power between two resonant circuits. One circuit is on the transmitter side, and another course is on the receiver side. Each resonant circuit consists of a coil of wire connected to a capacitor. The deep between the waves can highly increase coupling and power transfer. It is most efficient than the inductive coupling technique. Power can be transferred over greater distances with high efficiency. Nowadays, it is widely absorbed in modern wireless power systems. In capacitive coupling, energy is transmitted by the electric field between electrodes such as metal plates. A capacitor is formed between the transmitter and receiver electrodes in this process. The capacitive coupling has a limitation on charging electric vehicles due to too small coupling capacitance. So, it is basically used in low-power applications. In resonant capacitive coupling, resonance is used with capacitive coupling to extend the range. In magneto dynamic coupling, power is transferred between two rotating armatures. One armature is on the transmitter side, and another is on the receiver side, and both rotate synchronously. Both coils are coupled by a magnetic field generated by permanent magnets on the armatures. It is an alternative process of inductive power transfer for non-contact charging of electric vehicles. It is claimed that this technique can transfer power over distances of 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) with high efficiency, over 90 %.( Stephen et al, 2016).

1.4 Main concepts of wireless transmission of electric energy

Every electromagnetic source creates both electric (E-fields) and magnetic (H-fields) fields around itself, and they are characterized by the radiative and non-radiative components. Depending on the distance from the source there are near-field, transition and far-field regions that are defined by the way they interact with the surrounding media. The small transition region has both the characteristic of near-field and far-field. (Miguel et al,2019).

Figure 1.2. Primary and secondary Coils

Table 1.1

Table.1.1 Coils turns and radius

Near-field has a complex definition in the relation between E and H. Still, more importantly, it has all four types of polarization present (horizontal, vertical, circular and elliptical), while far-field has only one variety. A striking point is that a near-field region is a better environment for electromagnetic induction than a far-field, where electric and magnetic fields decrease proportionally to the distance. (Stephen F,2016)

A near-field region allows higher power transfer efficiency and diffraction of the wave, which results in stronger penetrability and weak directivity on a short-range. Inductive coupling is based on the magnetic field. It is considered to be more secure and productive for wireless power transfer. ( Erfani et al.,2017)

1.5Wireless Power revenue share by regions in 2020

• Forecasts that the Asia-Pacific region’s revenues will eventually surpass the North America region having 40% versus 27% share in 2020 (Figure 1.3). (Balouchi et al ,2015)

Figure .1.3.Wireless Power revenue share by regions in 2020

1.6TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT AND THE RECEIVER CIRCUIT PRINCIPLE

In the transmitter section of the circuit, the transistor (2N2222A) generates a high-frequency AC current across the coil, and the coil generates a magnetic field around it. As the loop is center tapped, the two sides of the wave start to charge up. One side of the ring is connected to the resistor, and another is connected to the collector terminal of the NPN transistor. During the charging condition, the base resistor starts to conduct, eventually turning on the transistor. The transistor then discharges the inductor as the emitter is connected with the ground. This charging and discharging of the inductor produce a high-frequency oscillation signal which is further transmitted as a magnetic field.(Aziz et al. 2016).

The magnetic field is transferred into the other coil in the Receiver Circuit. By Faraday’s law of induction, the receiver coil starts producing EMF (Electromagnetic Flux) voltage which is further used to light up the LED. (Azizet al,2016).

Chapter 02             

 Materials and methods

Chapter 02             

2. Materials and methods

2.1 Materials

• Resistor
• Insulated copper wire
• LED
• Transistor
• 9 volt battery

2.1.1 Resistor:

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also provide a specific voltage for an active device, such as a transistor. All other factors being equal, in a direct-current (DC) circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance and directly proportional to the voltage across it. This is the well-known Ohm’s Law. This rule applies in alternating-current (AC) circuits as long as the resistor does not contain inductance or capacitance.(Nederstigt et al,2016).

Figure 2.1 Transistor 27k

2.1.2 Insulated copper wire:

Wire which is made of copper, and it can insulate electric current is said to be insulated copper wire. It is used in the construction of transformers, inductors, motors, speakers, hard disk head actuators, electromagnets etc. Copper wire used in an electromagnet is insulated with a coating of non-conductive insulation like plastic or enamel which is to prevent from the charging of wires. Insulated copper wire and insulated copper cable are among the most common sources for scrap copper. (Copper et al ,2015).

Figure 2.2 insulated copper wire

2.1.3 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current flows through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with holes emitting light in the process. LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction and blocks the current in the reverse direction.(Christopher 2015).

  Figure 2.3 LED

2.1.4 Transistor (2N2222A)

 Figure 2.4 Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. The transistor is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semiconductor material, usually with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic circuit. .(Christopher et al ,2015).

2.1.5 9V Power supply:

Figure 2.5(9V power supply)

An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. (Milos et al, 2015).

2.2 Methods

Figure 2.6 circuit diagram

1. Design the wireless power transfer circuit shown in the circuit diagram.
2. First, Take a PVC pipe and make a coil of 15 turns on it, leave 3-inch wire to make a loop central terminal and whirl the wire again 15 times.
3. After completing the coil, three terminals will be obtained. This coil is primary.
4. Now, make the second coil of 30 turns and connect LED to its ends.
5. Now take the 2N2222 transistor, connect its base terminal to the first end of the coil first and collector terminal to the last stop of the ring.
6. Connect the transistor’s emitter terminal to the battery’s negative terminal.
7. The central terminal of the primary coil will be connected with the battery’s positive terminal.
8. The transmitter is now ready. Place the receiver or primary coil parallel to another coil or maybe both coils horizontal to another coil.
9. Now, we will observe glowing LEDs.

Chapter 03

                       Project Work

Chapter 03

Project Work

3.1. Insulated copper wire:

Figure 3.1 insulated copper wire

Step No 1:

Figure 3.2 primary coil

Step No 2:

Figure 3.3 secondary coil

Step No 3:

Figure 3.4 secondary coil with LED

Step No: 4

                                         Figure 3.4 primary coil

Step No: 5 Connections of components

Figure 3.7 Connections of components

Step No:6Testing of Circuit

Figure 3.8 Testing of circuit

Step No: 7

Figure 3.9 glowing LED.

Step No 8:

Figure 3.10 project WPT

Step No: 9Different views of project Model

Figure3.11 Different views of project Model

Chapter 04

4. Result and Discussion

4.1 Result

The Main Result of this project is the Intensity of LED belongs to the distance between primary and secondary coils; if the space is 0.4cm, it will give us the 1.489cd intensity, but if we increase the distance between them, then it produces 0.1215cd similarly if we increase another length, i.e. 2.8cm, 3.2cm and 4.6cm its Intensity decrease 0.0303cd, 0.02327cd and 0.01126cd respectively. This project is wire-less-based Power generation. Our country has 1.49×10^06square feet of Area present in our project. Our project is a small step towards a big Moment which is to generate wireless network communication and Power transformation for small Areas without wires.

Table 4.1

Calculating the Intensity of LED wireless power transformation

INTENSITY OF LED=   P/4πd²

4.2 Plot a graph Between Distance and Intensity of LED

The graph between transmission distance and transmission Intensity of LED The space is inversely proportional to the Intensity.

4.3 DISCUSSION

Transmission through the wireless is a natural phenomenon. This is more efficient and reliable. This project requires a low maintenance cost, but a high price is needed for the initial stage. Better than conventional wired transferred current. By using the wireless transmission Energy crisis can be decreased. Shortly, The Whole world will be based entirely on wireless. Wireless power transfer is where electric energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without any wire connection. ​Wireless power transfer is based on magnetic resonance, and the near field coupling of two-loop resonators was reported by Nicola tesla a century ago. Power is wirelessly transferred when the magnetic field is transmitted over a short distance. The magnetic field is created using inductive coupling between wire coils or electric fields using capacitive coupling between electrodes. In modern times, no one wants to use the wire or cord in case of charging any device, and WPT is necessary. According to the IMF, Bangladesh’s economy was the second-fastest-growing major economy in 2016. With the advanced growth of the economy, the standards of living are getting higher day by day. In that case, smart device use is getting prevalent nowadays. Intelligent devices have various features, but the transmission of power wirelessly is one of the most spectacular features in recent times. People are fond of using devices that do not require a connection through wires or cords. It has been mentioned earlier that, to get rid of the annoying cables, WPT is the perfect solution. This paper describes the design and performance of wireless power transfer using the tesla coil technique. Many devices are already available in the market with built-in wireless power solutions like a smartwatch, smartphones etc. It states that the induced emf generates a current that sets up a new magnetic field which acts to oppose the existing magnetic field.  In wireless power transfer systems, these principles are adopted. Generally, a WPT system consists of a transmitter connected to a power source and a receiver that receives the power and delivers it to the load. There is a primary coil on the transmitter side, and on the receiver side, there is a secondary coil. When the power is connected to the primary coil, a current passes through it, and a magnetic field is formed around it. When the secondary coil is brought close to the primary coil, a voltage induces in the secondary coil, which generates a current that causes another magnetic the secondary coil. The current produced in the secondary coil is used by any load without any physical connection.(Niranjan et al 2015).

4.4 CONCLUSION

WPT relieves us from using annoying wire connections. It allows the power transfer system to become portable. The power failure due to short circuits and faults on cables will never exist in the power transmission system, and power theft will not be possible. Loss of transmission is negligible in the Wireless Power Transmission. Therefore, this method’s efficiency is much higher than the wired transmission. Wireless power transmission has many applications and solutions ranging from charging the handset to reducing global warming. It could reduce the human dependency on fossil fuels and other petroleum products due to its efficiency in achieving sustainable development. We have reviewed and compared different methods of wireless power transmissionIn this project the LED should light up when the Receiver Coil is brought within the distance of 4cm of the Transmitter Coil. As we near the transmitter coil, the LED should brighten up considerably. To improve the transmission distance, wind up the ring properly and increase the no. of turns in the loop.

4.5FUTURE SCOPE

In future, the world will be completely wireless.

Researchers are trying to make this technology more efficient and overcome the challenges. The practical implementation of this technology is quite limited due to thetechnological barriers, but this could be the most significant breakthrough in the field of power transmission. (Niranjan et al 2015).

In the future, we are interested in carrying out a detailed regional survey of energy management systems, including residential, home and industrial ones. Devices will relate to the power supply source wirelessly. In this project we have presented the successful experimental attempts to transmit power wirelessly and future scope of wireless power transmission. We have tried to represent the future use of wireless power transmission in various areas where wired power transmission is impossible to supply implement.(Niranjan et al, 2015).

• Wirelessly powered home appliances

In future there will be a transmitting device inside home that will transmit power to all the home appliances such as Television, Laptop, Lamp, Iron, Sound Box, Fridge, Mobile etc. show in Figure 4.1. Transmitting device transmit power and all the appliances will receive that power through receiving devices set up inside into all appliances.(Sumi et al 2018).

Figure 4.1 wirelessly powered home appliances

• Wirelessly charging of electric vehicle on way

According to Figure 4.2 in future there will be no need to stop and charge the electrical vehicles. On the way charging can be done. In this concept power beam transmitter will be connected to highways, busy traffic areas with power source. which converts electricity into power beam and then that beam will transmitted to the electrical vehicle which consist power beam receiver that convert power beam into electrical power for the charging of battery inside the vehicle.(Sumi et al 2018).

                           Figure 4.2 wirelessly charging of electric vehicle on way

References

Aziz. D.A. , Ahmad,  L. A. R. , Bakar, M. I. A. , Aziz, N. Ab., A Study on Wireless Power Transfer Using Tesla Coil Technique. Gombak: International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA), 2016

Bush, Stephen F. (2016). Smart Grid: Communication-Enabled Intelligence for the Electric Power Grid.

Brown, William C. 2017The History of Power Transmission by Radio Waves.

Cooper, Christopher (2015). The Truth About Tesla: The Myth of the Lone Genius in the History of Innovation. Race Point Publishing. pp. 143–144.

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